短程硝化-强化生物除磷序批式反应器处理畜禽养殖废水

畜禽养殖废水有机物水质水量变化大,有机物、氨氮与磷的浓度较高,直接排放会严重危害环境。通过构建厌氧-好氧序批式反应器（SBR）处理预酸化畜禽养殖废水,分析了不同进水负荷条件下反应器对污染物的去除性能和微生物群落结构的变化规律。结果表明：SBR反应器对高负荷进水中TN、PO^3-₄—P和COD的平均去除率可分别达到64.5%、97.5%和94.5%。反应器出现NH⁺₄—N和NO₂—N亚硝酸同时积累的短程硝化现象,这可能与高进水负荷对氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌的活性和种群的影响有关。与乙酸盐相比,以丙酸盐作碳源时污泥的强化生物除磷活性更高。随着进水负荷的增大,聚糖菌（GAOs）的相对丰度明显升高。四联球状菌（Tetrasphaera）为反应器中始终占优势的聚磷菌（PAOs）,对反应器除磷性能有重要贡献。在高有机负荷条件下,SBR内PAOs与GAOs之间不存在明显的底物竞争关系,系统脱氮除磷性能未受影响。     

聚磷酸铵热氧老化机理及寿命预测

为研究热氧对聚磷酸铵（APP）老化降解的影响,对两种品牌的APP进行了人工加速热氧老化处理,利用傅里叶红外光谱、核磁共振表征了APP热氧老化后的结构变化,利用差式扫描量热分析法预测出APP热氧老化寿命。结果表明,APP经热氧老化逐步转化为磷酸二氢铵,老化过程中P—O—P键断裂、P=O键增加,平均聚合度不断下降。APP在常温下寿命较长,可以达到100 a左右,且平均聚合度越高寿命越长。随着使用环境温度的提高其寿命变短,在50 ℃下寿命不足10 a。实验结果为研究膨胀型钢结构防火涂料的老化机理与耐久性提供参考。     

Mussoorrie rock phosphate-pyrite mixture as phosphate fertilizer

Mussoorrie rock phosphate (MRP), MRP + pyrite (25% by weight), diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and nitrophosphate (NP) were compared in a field experiment as fertilizers for wheat. At 20 kg P ha^–1, MRP was only 6 per cent as effective as DAP. However, when it was mixed with pyrite, the efficiency of MRP increased to 64 per cent at 20 kg P ha^–1 compared with 97 per cent at 40 kg P ha^–1. The P requirement for a targeted yield for 4.5 t ha^–1 decreased from 39.4 kg P ha^–1 as MRP to 23.7 kg P ha^–1 as MRP + pyrite. Of the other P fertilizers studied, NP was as effective as DAP, whereas APP was 9 to 37 per cent more effective than DAP. However, the P requirement as DAP, NP and APP for a targeted yield of 4.5 t ha^–1 was similar (11 ± 0.5 kg P ha^–1).     

黏着斑激酶生物信息学分析

从生物信息学的角度对黏着斑激酶进行分析,为进一步研究其高级结构及探寻黏着斑激酶的潜在功能提供理论数据.用生物信息学方法对已在GenBank上注册的人、牛、鸡、非洲蟾蜍、斑马鱼等动物黏着斑激酶基因的核苷酸序列以及推导的氨基酸序列、组成成分、氨基酸翻译后修饰、信号肽、跨膜拓朴结构域、疏水性/亲水性、蛋白质二级结构以及三级结构等进行分析预测和推断.结果表明:这些动物的黏着斑激酶属于非跨膜的亲水性蛋白,α-螺旋和不规则卷曲是其蛋白质二级结构的主要结构元件,β-转角和延伸链散布在整个蛋白质中,包含三个结构域,即N末端FERM同源结构域,中部的激酶结构域和C末端富含脯氨酸的位点和FAT结构域.     

促分裂原活化蛋白激酶激活的蛋白激酶-2全新抑制剂的3D-QSAR研究

促分裂原活化蛋白激酶激活的蛋白激酶-2(MK-2)可以作为治疗类风湿性关节炎(RA)的靶标,并显示出巨大的潜力,此类酶的抑制剂用于治疗RA具有相当好的疗效,一系列β咔啉衍生物对于MK-2具有高的活性和选择性。通过自组织分子场(SoMFA)分析方法建立了MK-2抑制剂———β咔啉衍生物的三维定量构效关系(3D-QSAR)模型。SoMFA模型的相关系数r2=0.731,交叉验证相关系数q2=0.686,标准偏差s=0.388,Fisher检验值F=63.538。该模型具有很好的稳定性和较为满意的预测能力。     

APP/MQ树脂对聚丙烯热分解动力学研究

通过热失重（TGA）测试,研究了不同阻燃剂改性PP的热分解动力学,结果表明阻燃剂APP、MQ树脂的介入能不同程度提高了改性PP的分解活化能,其中APP改性PP活化能可达500 kJ.mol-1,说明阻燃性能的提高可能归因于无卤阻燃剂促成了改性PP分解活化能的提高。     

膨胀石墨在聚乙烯中阻燃协效作用的研究

以膨胀石墨(EG)与聚磷酸铵(APP)复配组成膨胀型阻燃剂，应用于高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)中。热分析表明APP／FG的添加使得PE-HD材料的热稳定性增强，降解过程变缓，剩炭率增加。氧指数(LOI)结果表明APP／EG具有良好的阻燃协同作用。扫描电镜(SEM)显示APP／EG的加入可使得PE-HD样品生成连续致密的炭层。同时力学性能研究表明APP／EG对材料的力学性能的影响比其它膨胀型阻燃剂要小。     

鲣鱼脱酸技术研究

以多聚磷酸盐为脱酸材料,对鲣鱼进行脱酸处理。通过单因素试验及正交试验得到的最佳脱酸条件为:多聚磷酸盐质量浓度3%、温度10℃、浸泡时间4 h。此条件下,经脱酸处理的鱼肉pH 6.3,基本无酸味。     

Cyanidin suppresses neoplastic cell transformation by directly targeting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

Cyanidin, an anthocyanidin found in fruits and vegetables, has been reported to possess anti-cancer effects. However, there is no study on the chemopreventive effect of cyanidin against neoplastic cell transformation and its molecular mechanisms. In the present study, we compare the anti-carcinogenic effects of cyanidin and cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) and investigate their underlying mechanisms. The inhibitory effect of cyanidin on EGF-induced cell transformation was higher than those of C3G in JB6 P+ mouse epidermal (JB6 P+) cells. Both cyanidin and C3G showed dose-dependent radical scavenging activities. It is indicated that the divergent inhibitory effects of cyanidin and C3G are not due to their antioxidant activities. We found that cyanidin, but not C3G, inhibited the EGF-induced Akt/p70S6K phosphorylation. Moreover, cyanidin directly suppressed the activity of PI3K by binding to PI3K directly in an ATP-competitive manner, which indicates that PI3K is one of the molecular targets of cyanidin.